If you've ever moved paper clips nearby with a magnet, or arranged metal filings into a beard on a 'Wooly Willy' toy as a child, then you have already lifted the lid on one of the basic principals behind the carrying out of an Ac generator; the movement of electrons.
Materials that escort electricity (conductors) are made up of atoms with 'free electrons'. Move a magnet towards a paper clip and you force the free electrons in the clip to move, this is the fancy you can pick the paper clips up with a magnet. By contrast, the atoms which make up materials such as wood and rubber do not have any free electrons and do not escort electricity (insulators), which is why your magnet won't pick up a tooth pick. Very simply, a generator is a gismo which moves a magnet near a collection of copper wires to originate a steady flow of those free electrons.
It may help you to fantasize a generator as acting like a pump pushing water straight through a pipe. Only instead of pushing water, the generator uses magnets to push free electrons along copper wiring, resulting in an electrical supply. A water pump moves a sure amount of water molecules and applies a sure amount of pressure to those water molecules. Likewise, a generator moves a sure amount of electrons and applies a sure amount of pressure to those electrons. In an electrical circuit, the amount of electrons being pushed is called the amperage or current and the pressure pushing the electrons along is called the voltage. This analogy is something of an over simplification but should help you paint a picture of the properties at work in a generator.
The generator is based on the principle of "electromagnetic induction" discovered in 1831 by Michael Faraday, a British scientist. Faraday discovered that if an galvanic conductor, like a copper wire, is moved straight through a magnetic field, galvanic current will flow (or "be induced") in the conductor. So the mechanical power of the bright wire is converted into the galvanic power of the current that flows in the wire.
The two main parts of a generator can be described in either mechanical or electrical terms:
Mechanical:
· Rotor: The rotating part of a generator.
· Stator: The stationary part of a generator.
Electrical:
· Armature: The power-producing component of generator. The armature windings originate the electrical current. In a/c generators, the armature is usually on the stator.
· Field: The magnetic field component of generator. The magnetic field of the generator can be provided by either electromagnets or permanent magnets. In a/c generators the field coils are usually mounted on the rotor.
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